Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes Essay Example for Free

Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes EssayRadioisotopes ar considered as a double-edged sword. They can be the greatest innovation in science, or the cause of death. Radioisotopes are isotopes that are produced artificially or naturally through the edge of synthesis and separation. These combi democracys of protons and neutrons are unstable and give complete a radioactive wave. Radioisotopes can be apply for many different functions such as an atomic bomb or to help in the athletic field of medicine. They are rattling important and without them, doctors would have lost a very important tool. In the field of medicine, radioisotopes are used to provide information about the functioning of a persons specific organs or to treat disease. The idea of development radioisotopes is to image internal structures and processes in the human body (Ioffe). This is similar to using an X-rays. The advantage to using radioisotopes is that it can show all of the internal structures. X-rays can provided see hard tissue like bones but radioisotopes can show a diagram of all soft tissue like muscle. Radioisotopes are not only limited to imaging processes. Another use is to treat diseased organs or tumors by killing cancerous cells (Ioffe).This process is called actinotherapy therapy. Some examples of the radioisotopes in this process are Iodine-131, phosphorus-32 and for more radical uses, Boron-10 to specifically attack tumor cells (Ioffe). In the process, radioactive elements are inserted near the tumor. Radiation is more harmful to growing cells and cancerous cells grow at an un directled rate, giving them a disadvantage to radiation exposure. The cancerous will start to be done for(p) and when it is all gone, there is no chance for the tumor to grow back again. An important factor in radiation therapy is that the radiation kills all cells indiscriminately.Although it is impossible to control the isotope to only kill the bad cells, the hope is that the radiation kills off more cancerous cells and less of the healthier cells. Without Radioisotopes, tumors would have to be removed in a different way. Tumors would have to be surgically removed. The down side to this process is that if all of the cancerous cells were not removed, the tumor has a chance of growing again. fashioning diagrams of the internal structure would also be hindered without radioisotopes. Technologies such as MRI scanners and CAT scans would not exist without radioisotopes.These clearer and more advanced imaging would not be available. Without radioisotopes, the field of medicine would have been left in a huge disadvantage. Although radioisotopes can be very beneficial, it has caused a lot of controversy throughout the world. victimisation radioisotopes causes radioactive waste. All isotopes have half-lives, the time taken until the nub is half of the initial amount. Half-lives can vary from each isotope. thither are isotopes that have disordered half-lives where level of r adiation drops to less than 1% of the original amount in a matter of hours or days (Newton).These can be stored safely until the amount can be safely thrown away. Other isotopes have half-lives over a millennium such as Uranium-235 which has a half-life of 713,000,000 years (Newton). These radioisotopes pertain to emit harmful radiation for practically forever. To safely dispose of such long lasting isotopes require burying them deep in the earth, a subroutine that still has not been satisfactorily demonstrated (Newton). There is no way to safely dispose of or to store these isotopes. As a result, the environment is harmed by the radiation that will never fade.These long lasting radioisotopes also happen to frequently be used in nuclear energy plants, which is also a very controversial topic. The energy given is a great amount but with dangers. Chernobyl and Fukushima are examples the negative side of nuclear energy. When disaster stuck, much off the radiation started to affect th e environment and the people. Chernobyl had to be evacuated and even now after twenty-five year, the area is still dead. There is much fear that comes with radioisotopes and how they are used. There are not only positive results that come with using radioisotopes. Many problems can be created.Radioisotopes can also help out the future generations of humanity. As mentioned before, the nuclear power plants causes controversy, but it also produces solid results. The world faces a problem with pollution. Nuclear energy, however, produces no pollution from the process of creating energy. Today, the energy produced by nuclear power plants exceeds 360 gigawatts (Merriman). This is a huge amount of energy that ferments clean energy as well much different than fossil fuels that creates many tons of light speed waste. For a better future, carbon emissions have to be cut down. Nuclear energy is also gaining popularity.Overseas and in Britain, by 1990 it was obtaining more than 70 portion of its electricity through nuclear energy (Merriman). This is an example of the potential that nuclear energy has. Over half of the electricity supplied in a whole nation was coming from nuclear energy. The future generations will gain a great asset to obtaining a clean and powerful energy source. Radioisotopes can be used for various functions. The isotopes can also cause many problems. The question is whether the isotopes give more than it takes away. As a chemistry student, I feel that radioisotopes are very important.They are the reasons why such advance technologies in medicine and energy are available. Even though there are negative aspects in using the radioisotopes, the benefits outweigh the downsides. Radioisotopes can kill the patient when applied too much dosage, but without radioisotopes, there may not have been a chance for recovery. That should make incentive for more research to go into radioisotopes and making them safer. There is no reason to be afraid of them. With m ore research, the safety of using radioisotopes can be increased. There are present dangers to using radioisotopes but it is still beneficial to use them

Support Children At Meal Time Essay Example for Free

Support Children At Meal Time Essay1.1 Outline the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet for children and young people. zero enables children to concentrate, learn and play at school. Starchy carbohydrates should provide the main source of energy in the diet. Sources of carbohydrates are Breads of all types, rice, pasta, noodles, potatoes, yam, oats, cassava, couscous, breakfast cereals, wh immerse grains like bulgar wheat, lentils, trigger-happy kidney beans and black eyed beans. Good habituate Whole grain varieties of bread and cereal are best as they are good sources of fibre. Non-milk extrinsic (NME) sugars Diets grim in NME sugars will help to prevent tooth decay. Sources are Table sugar, jam, honey, sweetened drinks, cakes, pastries, ice cream, sweets, biscuits, confectionary and chocolate. Good pattern Use less(prenominal) sugar in recipes, get along harvesting-based or dairy-based desserts instead of cakes and biscuits which often contain lots of added sugar. Restrict access to sugar to be added to hot drinks. When choosing prepared products, check the label and choose those products cut back in sugar.4 Fat Lower rich intake whoremonger prevent weight gain. Sources of senior last fat are Butter, lard, margarine, fat spreads, oils or dressings such(prenominal)(prenominal) as mayonnaise. Chips and other deep fried provender, potato waffles, garlic bread, pastries, cakes, biscuits, creamy puddings, meat or meat products such as pastries. Good practice grill and bake fodder instead of frying. When making sandwiches, try not using any butter or spread if the filling is moist enough, if using fat spread, choose a reduced fat variety and spread thinly. When choosing prepared products, check the label and choose those products lower in fat. Saturated fat A diet low in sodding(a) fat clear prevent high cholesterol and go down the risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes and some cancers. Sources of saturated fats are Butter, lard, cr eam, coconut oil or cream, palm oil, mayonnaise, salad cream and some margarines. Meat products such as pies, burgers and sausages. Also hard cheeses such as cheddar. Cakes and biscuits. Good practice Choose lower fat dairy products- Skimmed or semi skimmed milk, low fat yoghourt and reduced fat cheese.Choose lean cuts of red meat and remove the skin from annulusen. For cooking use an unsaturated veg oil such as rapeseed oil or olive oil. Avoid adding butter or oil to food (e.g. vegetables) after cooking. When choosing prepared products check the label and choose those lower in saturated fat FSA guidance on labelling states that 5g or more saturated fat per 100g ishigh and 1.5g or less 100g is low. Protein is important for growth and fixture of personify tissues and muscles. Pupils are growing fast so protein is particularly important to them. Sources of protein include Meat, fish, milk, cheese, eggs, yoghurt, nuts and seeds, kidney beans, lentils, meat alternatives (e.g. tofu, chickpeas and cereals) These food items can be incorporated into dishes such as chicken and vegetable jambalaya, chickpea and cauliflower curry, salmon sandwiches, cauliflower cheese, nut roast, chicken casserole, omelette with ham and cheese.Good practice Including go down protein as well as animal protein on your menu will ensure that pupils are eating protein from a variety of sources. Vegetarian pupils should have adequate protein intake if they eat cereals, beans and lentils, soya products, eggs, milk and dairy products. For vegan or lactose intolerant pupils, soya, oat or rice drinks provide an alternative to milk. Be aware of nut allergies. Fibre assists gut function and prevents problems like constipation. Sources of fibre are Brown rice, oats, wholegrain cereals, muesli, potatoes with skins, whole-wheat bread, buglar wheat, lentils, chickpeas, red kidney beans, fruit and vegetables. These food items can be incorporated into dishes, such as vegetable and lentil bake, chi lli con carne served with brown rice, jacket potato with beans and fruit salad. Good practice Choose wholegrain, wholemeal or brown varieties where possible. If children reject wholemeal varieties, use combinations of wholemeal and white varieties to encourage consumption.Leave skins on potatoes and add pulses and vegetables to stews and pies to add fibre. Sodium is a component of salt. Salt is needed to maintain silver balance in the body and for nerve and muscle function. Most salt consumed is contained within processed food. Low salt can decrease the onset of high railway line pressure, which may lead to conditions such as stroke, heart disease and kidney problems. Sources of sodium are Ready-make soups, sauces, gravy, processed food, some breakfast cereals, salty snacks (crisps and salted nuts), bacon, ham, sausages, pizza, cheese and condiments. Good practice Limit the amount of salt added during cooking and instead flavour with herbs and spices. Cook meals from raw ingredie nts rather than using manufactured products high in salt. When choosing prepared products, check the label and choose those lower in salt.FSA guidance on labelling states that 1.5g or more salt (0.6g sodium) per 100g is high and 0.3g or less of salt (0.1g sodium) per 100g is low.Vitamin A is important for growth and tissue repair, good eyesight and immune system. Sources of vitamin A are as follows oily fish, eggs, liver, cheese, butter, milk, yellow, red and orange coloured fruits and vegetables. Such as carrots, peppers, apricots, oranges, papaya, mango, butternut squash, sweet potato, tomatoes and dark green fine-leafed vegetables. Good practice Serve a variety of fruit and vegetables. These food items can be incorporated into dishes like salmon fishcakes, baked sweet potato wedges, red pepper and tomato omelette, carrot and coriander soup and fruit salad. Yellow, orange and red coloured fruits and vegetables contain the most vitamin A. Vitamin C is an antioxidant which may hel p to protect the body from infections and illnesses.Vitamin C is needed for wound healing and the building of blood vessels and skin vitamin c enhances iron absorption. Fruits contain vitamin c, especially citrus fruits such as oranges, limes, grapefruit, berries, kiwi fruits. Vegetables (including frozen) , especially broccoli, green and red peppers, sweet potatoes and potatoes. These food items can be incorporated into dishes, like jacket potato with salad, lemon chicken, berry smoothies, fruit salad, mixed vegetable hot pot and casserole. Good practice Raw fruit and vegetables contain the most vitamin c. Vitamin c may be preoccupied during preparation and cooking, so prepare and cook food as closedown to lunch beat as possible. Steam vegetables to minimise vitamin losses or cook them in a minimum volume of water. Folate is of the essence(p) for blood cells and the nervous system, and prevents anaemia. Sources are liver, yeast and orange juice, green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, green beans, beetroot, chickpeas, black-eye beans, broccoli and peas.breakfast cereals are often fortified with folate. These can be made into dishes like pea and ham soup or spinach and potato curry. Good practice Folate may be lost during the cooking process so prepare and cook foods as close to lunch time as possible, steam vegetables to minimise loss of vitamins. Calcium Is essential for strong teeth and bones, and for muscle and nerve function as well as blood clotting. A diet containing enough calcium will decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis or brittle bones later in life. Sources are milk, cheese, yogurt and canned fish with bones (salmon, pilchards and tuna), broccoli, cabbage, dried fruits, tofu, red kidney beans, chick peas and soya beans. White and brown breads are fortified with calcium. Dishes can be made such as cheese, potato and salmonquiche, rice pudding and custard made with milk.Good practice for people who do not drink milk, choose soya, oat, o r rice drinks enriched with calcium. Use lower fat dairy products they contain as much calcium as their full fat equivalents. Iron is needed for production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Iron as well as plays an important role in maintaining a healthy immune system. Iron is especially important for teenage girls. Iron deficiency in pupils may be linked to slower intellectual development and poor behaviour in the longer term. Sources are red meat, offal (especially liver and kidney), canned fish, eggs, dark green leafy vegetables, peas, wholegrain (e.g. brown rice), nuts, seeds, red kidney beans, black-eye beans, lentils, chickpeas, dried apricots and raisins.These foods can be incorporated into dishes, for example lamb casserole, houmous, spaghetti bolognaise, Sheppards pie, mixed bean wrap and dried fruit compote. Breakfast cereals are often fortified with iron. Good practice Iron from animal sources is more easily absorbed by the body than plant sources, but plant sources are more important because they provide most of the iron in the diet. Consuming food high in vitamin c at the same time as food containing iron enhances iron absorption.Vegetarian dishes should regularly include a variety of lentils and peas, eggs, dark green and leafy vegetables. Zinc is used by the body for growth and tissue repair, wound healing and the immune system. Sources include red meat, offal (especially liver and kidney), eggs, fish, milk and other dairy products, cereals, red kidney beans, soya products, lentils and chickpeas. These food items can be incorporated into dishes such as cottage pie, roast pork or beef, lentil bake, brown rice and vegetarian bolognaise using soya mince. Good practice vegetarian dishes should regularly include whole grain cereals, kidney beans, eggs and milk,

Using Alternative Materials In A Racing Car Engineering Essay

Using Alternative Materials In A Racing Car Engineering EssayMaterials play a genuinely serious theatrical map in functioning of any Machine. The idea of using alternative materials in a racing motorrailway motor auto is often an option employ by the designers to reform the over each(prenominal) deed of the car. But the growing research on new materials creates confusion for the Racing car designers. The failure of material plays the well-nigh signifi layaboutt role in any kind of loss in a racing car. Engineers design the car and select the material in such a counselling that, the materials is able to cope with all the forces acting on the car and besides push as less as possible. The overall weight of the car is subordinate on the properties of the materials. In this report an effort is made to identify these materials usanced in the current Formula 1 cars and suggest alternatives, which shall support us a solution for the material selection criteria considering the cost, availability, env put rightmental effect in manufacturing parts from this materials and also closing of vitality issues of these materials. In this report we argon going to followup the work done till the end of May on this regurgitate. An overview of the current materials utilize and the reasons for the selection materials for the various dowrys of the face 1 car is briefly set forth in this report. ingressFormula 1 is one of the most fastly developing sport, as far as research and development is concerned. New technologies argon dis counterbalanceed and apply on the car e precise year in order to win the races. Materials atomic number 18 also an option for the designers to get the weight diffusion of the car as desired. The weight of the car is dependent on the materials utilise for construction. FIA has its regulations on the minimum weight of the car that is 605 kg for the 2010 season. But using alien materials designers hobo design the car for about 450 500 kgs. And the rest is used by ballast for improving the weight distri besidesion of the car. Materials selection for a formula 1 car is one of the most significant decisions for the designer. It also reflects the sustainability of the materials with respect to environmental concerns.The four important factors upon which the designers relies when considering materials choice atomic number 18 the relationship between materials specifications and technical performance of the product, the economic performance of the product, the environmental performance of the product the practice of industrial design embedded in the product and its Functionality as told by Clark and Ashby. In formula 1 because of the noble work outs the economic issue is not really big atleast with the major teams. thus the designer has the liberty to use as strange material as he wants for achieving the minimum weight of the car. Critical components such as engine, suspension, pasture brakes, and wheels p lay a major part in the performance of the car. The materials to be selected for these components need a deep research on the forces and temperatures achieved in these parts.Reducing the overall weight of the car is not difficult. Designers achieve the overall weight of the car well below the minimum specified FIA limit. The main achievement for the designers is to get the overall weight distribution.But apart from these performance issues at that place are some other issues which need directive. FIA has banned certain materials such as non ferrous alloys and Berillium alloys for Health and Safety requirements. But because F1 is a glamorous sport with high budgets and speed, environmental concern due to materials used is least analysed. It is genuinely important, that the materials to be used in the sport should be environmental friendly considering the LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS, re cycles/second and THE AVAILABLITY OF THE MATERIALS IN FUTURE, etc. In this project an effort is made to analyse the current materials used with respect to these environmental issues and suggest alternatives.This project especial(a)ly aims at the F1 industry for the selection of alternative materials for specific components which can benefit them further. Use of CES software go away be done, which is industry Standard software to select materials depending on their particular application of components. Although this project is more of a research project the outcomes from the project can be used for future F1 industry and also to the high end Motor industry as well as other motorsport sectors. The project aims at providing industry relevant solutions via research on the current materials be used and also on the future materials that can be used. With the help of the CES software we will be trying to find materials which can meet the requirements of the components and hence with literature obtained from the books and journals we shall try to figure out the best possible materials for the use.ObjectivesThe Objectives of the project are shown below.Identification of some of the most critical parts in an F1 car.The functions of distributively critical component analysed in the car.Find the materials currently used for each component in the F1 industry.Use CES package based on function of component to determine alternative material for the resembling purpose.Evaluate materials against existing materials in cost of performance, cost and manufacturing feasibility, end of life issues and recycling.To produce a report that can act as a reference for selection of materials for F1 applications.BackgroundFormula 1 is the only(prenominal) automotive sport which brings revolutionary changes to the field of automotive racing. oer a period of years Formula1 has showd many technologies and advances in the field. The use of light weight aluminum back in 1970s to use of Carbon case in mid 1980s in the field of automotive racing, all was introduced by Formula 1. Thus it ca n be said that Formula 1 has a big influence over the automotive industry in equipment casualty of technologies. But some measure, certain advantages can be gained similarly at a fairly less cost or by using materials which causes less damage to the environment. overly there is further a scope for the designers to further change their car based on the performance provided by the materials used to make the car.Structure of reportIn this report we will be covering the topics ideal by immediately and a brief discussion of the work to be done in near future. E very topic of the report shall cover the objectives in parts. The critical parts of the car, their function and the materials currently used give birth been finished till now. These topics will be further explained in details.2.0. Literature Review2.1. IntroductionF1 is developing rapidly, with increasing argument for higher performance and energy efficiency, new materials and transiting techniques are required to underpin these developments. 5. and also because of the industrial recession the competition has further intensified and the importance of selection of materials has grown even further more. The need for recognition of function of a component in order to provide the most technically advanced as well as economic means of meeting this functional requirements is becoming more vital, so that there can be a better communication between the design engineer and materials engineer. 4. in todays world we have more materials then even before and thereof the scope of innovation is immense. But in order to make this innovation a standard procedure is required which we are going to follow in this project. 2.The references which exist on such a specific study endure to focus on individual material for a particular job. 1. in this project I would like to count all the eligible materials for the various tasks and then compare them without limiting the factual data on each subject. Particularly in F1 ther e are mandatory rules and regulations which any racing team has to follow. Hence there is very little to choose from. 1. But it is also very important to know how much of environmental effect this materials cause whilst in production. There are many materials which provide the optimum properties, but at a very high price. And there are many materials which provide less properties but at a very low price as compared. But as we know that in formula 1 cost is not the priority, performance is the main priority. 6. Thus the materials selected should not sacrifice the performance in fact gain the performance at the same time trying to reduce the cost.In the initial days the chassis were made of steel, later it was made of aluminium. But now they are made out of carbon eccentric and edulcoratecomb material. 6. and thus, as the time progresses the overall weight of car is decreasing, and at the same time performance is increasing. Thus the need is to decrease the weight and increase the performance. And as the technology progresses this need for lighter and more efficient materials further increases. 3.2.2. A brief overview of materials2.2.1. aluminum and its alloysAluminium is one of the most common materials to be used in the Automotive Industry, as some of aluminium alloys provide flexible power schoolmaster to those of low carbon steels at same time weigh 1/3 the weight of steel.2024 is the primary structural aluminium alloy and has exceptional strength and stability at high temperature. It was exclusively used for Disc brake top hats and for aluminium flywheels. At high operating temperatures in the disc and the flywheels, 2024 is the most able aluminium alloy.6061-T6 extrusions are used for joining pieces and for corners, most of the brackets are fabricated from this aluminium alloy.7075 is the strongest and the stiffest of the commonly available aluminium alloys. It is the most suitable aluminium alloy for machining and is very commonly used for bushin gs, spacers, and machined suspension components as steering arms, antiroll bar and any straight suspension links.2.2.2. MagnesiumFor a low budget team Magnesium can be considered as the most common and strongest material. It has very good mechanical properties and awkwardness. Magnesium alloys are considered to be the best suitable material for machining as compared to other metal materials. It inducees exceptional welding, forging and casting characteristic. It is also a very low density material. But Magnesium has a very high risk of fire. In the form of dust or powder, magnesium is a very dangerous material. Because of this the FIA has banned the use of Magnesium for particular uses. Magnesium also has a tendency to corrode form inside when exposed to salty air. Thus racing at the race tails like monoco where the track is near the sea. Chances of corrosion are very high. With such high budgets, precision and accuracy, such a chance of using magnesium is avoided.2.2.3. teFrom the past meet of hug drugs, titanium has been the ace of material for race car designers. It delivers the strength of high alloy steels and the weight of aluminium. level though the price of titanium is very high, as discussed before in Formula1cost is not issue and hence titanium is highly suitable. Oxides of titanium comprise about 0.5% of the earths crust thus making Titanium an foreign material. Titanium is exclusively used for making Forged hubs, brake disc top hats, tubular and sheet suspension linkage fabrications, threaded fasteners and Exhaust systems. Titanium is very resistant to Fatigue from vibration. Commercially pure titanium is probably the best bet for manufacturing F1 components. The exhaust made out of titanium are intimately lighter than 321 stainless steel and infinitely lighter than mild steel at the same time very much stronger at elevated temperatures and around fatigue proof.2.2.4. Honeycomb materialHoney comb material is a fairly old material to be us ed in Motorsport industry. It was prototypical used in 1950s. Honeycomb sandwich materials are generally composed of aluminium face skins bonded to a core of Hexagonal shaped formed from aluminium foil. It forms perpetual shear webs between the face skins, resulting in light panels of exceptional stiffness which are capable of carrying extreme loads with very little deflection. The importance of honey comb was realised after 1966 when Ford used it in historic victory at the Le Mans in its MARK IV which was later called as Ford GT. Aluminium honeycomb installed with the cells longitudinally oriented makes the most efficient energy absorbing structure.But as time has progressed, aluminium honeycomb is replaced by lineamentglass honeycomb. The advantages of this new hybrid honeycomb over aluminium honey comb are as follows. tangled face skins of honeycomb structure tend to localize the impact damage and also are very easy to repair. Hybrid honey comb has good characteristics for m achining. Hybrid honeycomb material is corrosion proof, non flammable and nontoxic. Hence even by health and safety standards along with high strength and stiffness, they have replaced the traditional aluminium honeycomb material.2.2.5. Composite materialsThe use of high strength lightweight composite materials has brought a revolution in use of materials in industry. The era of composite materials in F1 was started by the McLarens team. They had formed the first formula 1 tub from a composite sandwich composed of face skins of aluminium sheet bonded to the core of edge grained BALSA wood called MALLITE. This resulted in a tub structure with high torsional stiffness. Composite materials are not new to the field of engineering. They were discovered way before the time. It is nothing but a combination of two or materials to form a third material with desired characteristics. Composite materials consist of fibres or filaments of an element whose fibres exhibit high tensile strength and lack rigidity. For instance, even wood is a composite material. The most common used composite material in todays world of Formula 1 is Carbon fibre. More than 95% of the McLarens F1 car is constructed in high performance advanced carbon epoxy composite material. A formula 1 car consists of many components whose duty ranges. The bodywork required a very low mass and moderate stiffness material to the survival cell which requires an extremely high stiffness structure. This requirement is best fulfilled by the composite material.The composites used in F1 are supplied in prepreg form and they need to be vacuum bagged and then ripened in an autoclave. This product then needs manual trimming and machining, and boding in order to form the final product. Thus we can say that the process is rather a labour intensive, time consuming and very expensive process. F1 is an industry where low volume and extremely high quality product is desired with huge budgets. Composite materials just fit ri ght in the situation for a F1 car designer.Fibreglass is an example of a composite material which is not exactly expensive as compared to other composite materials. But it has a disadvantage of brittleness and is comparatively heavy.2.3. Factors governing the Selection of materials in futureIn a high end motorsport such as formula 1 there are numerous factors which need to be addressed while selecting a material. The sport as always is at the pinnacle of performance, but not environmentally. There are certain environmental factors which needs special watchfulness and are briefly discussed in this topic.2.3.1. Life cycle abstract. (LCA).Life cycle compend is basically evaluation of a material end-to-end its life span. Life cycle analysis evaluates the material right from its manufacture to the recycling of the material. Evaluation is made on the basis of CO2 emissions, energy and cost of materials. Life cycle analysis will be a main consideration for all the materials to be selec ted in the future 1. Because we are aiming at the F1 industry, where mass production is not the main concern, life cycle analysis will help us in comparing the materials which cost the minimum and would be low on energy and emissions throughout its life. The figure below shows the whole life cycle analysis process.Figure 1 life cycle analysis process.Figure 2 total life cycle assessment.Composite materials are very effective in terms of weight reduction 9. But in terms of life cycle analysis more research is to be carried out about the effect of manufacturing and recycling composite materials 6. We have some data regarding it. Some research papers pause that materials like Balsa core and PVC foam sandwich has far better life cycle results as compared to super steel.2.3.2. RecyclingWhen we consider composites in terms of recycling, the composite waste is a very interesting and in some ways very difficult. Composite waste consists of polymer with high performance, but it contains onl y 50-80% of recoverable energy of the polymer. Hence we can say that composite materials are better as recovered material rather than recovered energy. Also as per the research, long fibre waste has more useful characteristics when compared to short fibre composite waste. The most important factor for recycling of composite materials is the orientation of the fibre after it has been used.There are several techniques already invented for recycling of materials such as, Mechanical processing, thermal processing, fluidised bed process, pyrolysis processes etc 4. It is therefore estimated that in the future there will be many more processes that shall be invented in order to reduce the landfill and the material wasted.These are the two main environmental issues which needs attention when selecting materials. Even thought they are not an essential part while selecting the material, as performance is the most important need in F1, it needs some attention to make the sport environmental fr iendly.2.3.3. Safety FactorsIt is very important that the material which is selected for the use in F1 cars is vitamin C% a safe material and should not possess any danger even in the event of a high speed accident. The materials should not be poisonous in any form and also should not react with other materials. Because F1 is a high speed sport, it is very necessary that the material selected should be complied with high strength requirements of F1.2.4. The critical components of Formula 1 car to be assessed in this project.2.4.1. EngineThe FIA has many rules and regulations specifying the use of materials in the construction of an engine. The following the regulations.1. Minimum weight of 95 kg should be there for each 2.4 litre v8 engine.2. Engine blocks should be constructed from Forged aluminium alloys for weight reduction in comparison to steel.3. to limit the costs, FIA has banned the use of non ferrous materials in Engine block.4. Magnesium based alloys, Metal Matrix Composi tes (MMCs) and Intermetallic materials may not be used anywhere in an engine.5. Coatings are free provided the total application thickness does not exceed 25% of the section thickness of the underlying base material in all axes.6. in all cases the relevant coat must not exceed 0.8mm.7. Pistons must be manufactured from an aluminium alloy which is either Al-Si Al-Cu Al-Mg or Al-Zn based.8. Piston pins, crankshafts and camshafts must be manufactured from an iron based alloy and must be machined from a single piece of material.Thus selecting a material for the engine has relatively less choices. In 1998 Mercedes Benz assay to use Berillium alloys in their engines. This gave them an additional advantage of weight loss and drastic performance gain. This also led Mikka Hakkinen to win the world title 2 times consecutively. But later FIA decided that Berillium alloys were too poisonous in large quantities and thus banned the use of it.Thus using the right materials at the very right pla ce is what makes F1 engines so interesting for the designers. As Senior General Manager Engine Luca Marmorini of the Toyota Panasonic team said, In the engine we use almost every kind of material you can on a Formula 1 car, for example you can see aluminium made with complex casting techniques but you also see carbon material. It is very important to keep the centre of gravity of the engine very low so we tend to put the very light parts on the upper part and the heavy parts on the bottom.The exact materials used by the formula1 teams for year 2010 are given in the results and discussion section.http//a5.vox.com/6a00c22521b9fc549d00d4144481ad6a47-500piFigure 3 F1 Engine block.2.4.2. BodyworkThis is a very important part of an F1 car. The materials used for bodywork basically define the weight of the car. Over the years numerous materials have been tried on the bodywork of the F1 car. All the light and ultra strong materials are basically revolutionized after they have been used on a n F1 car. The materials to be used here should possess the property of being very strong, light in weight and ability to transform in to the required shape which shall give the flowing edge. In the 1960 light weight aluminium was the solution to bodywork. But then Aluminium honeycomb material was developed which was effectively used for another decade along ultra light aluminium sheets. But then in the mid 1980s carbon fibre was discovered. Initially it was only used by the high budget teams as the cost was too high at that time. But then as the time progressed, the price of carbon fibre has reduced considerably and thus used for about 80% of the construction of the car by almost every team. Honey comb structures are still used to meet the safety requirements.http//lotusenthusiast.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/F1R2.jpgFigure 4 F1 2010 Bodywork.2.4.3. Fuel tankfulsFuel tank is a component of the car which needs exclusive safety features. They should weigh as less as possible, just like any other F1 component, but at the same time should be very strong and 100% leak proof. FIA has strong regulations on the manufacture of fuel tanks. They need to leak proof even in the case of accidents and designer need it to strategically placed, as it carries the weight of the fuel which can disturb the weight distribution of the car. Nowadays the fuel tanks are manufactured from a composite of Kevlar and rubber in F1, foreign aluminium welded fuel tanks in other low end motor racing. The combination of Kevlar and rubber provides an ultra light weight fuel tank which is very strong as well as puncture proof. The detail of manufacturer and composition is given in the results and discussion section.http//wheelnutsjournal.typepad.com/.a/6a0120a5145462970b0120a8cb6ecf970b-800wiFigure 5 ATL Fuel tank of 2010 F1 car.2.4.4. BrakesAs we know this is one component of the formula 1 car where absolutely no compromise are allowed. A good braking car can result in 10% lap time savings. Thus the materials needed for brakes also need to be light, strong, withstand high temperatures and provide as much as friction possibly allowable for maximum braking.Cooling is a very important factor to be considered when selecting the brakes. There are certain materials which can withstand high temperatures but then struggle to cool down. This can prove to be very costly at end laps of the race.To avoid the problem of cooling, brake ducts are introduced on the cars. This allows simultaneous cooling of the brakes. Carbon fibre shield is used all round the brakes to avoid the heat transfer from brakes to wheel rims.Team like Red bull use the advanced technique of rapid prototyping materials. The big advantage of rapid prototyping is to eliminate the labour of making mould and thus saving time. From the olden days where steel brakes where used, to recent times where Carbon ceramic brake pads are used as the main force for braking. These are very high friction materials and provide t he desired braking.Toro Rosso STR3 brake systemFigure 6 Ferrari 2009 F1 Brakes of front right.2.4.5. Wheel rimsWheel rims rotate at a very high speed. Also high temperatures are achieved within the wheel rim. Thus the material to be selected needs to fulfil both the requirements as well as weigh minimum. The material selected which comes in reach with the tyre also influences the contact patch area between the tyre and the road surface. The FIA regulations state that the wheel rims should be made from single metal flow. This is very necessary and critical from strength point of view. Also there are no regulations on specific materials to be used.Wheel rims are basically manufactured by a social club and then supplied to the individual F1 teams. In the recent times, Magnesium alloy is the best suitable material for the construction wheel rims.click to zoomFigure 7 Ferrari 2010 F1 Front right Wheel Rim.2.4.6. Gear boxThe gear box in a F1 car is similar to that of the road car in ter ms of functions and basic operations. But in an F1 car the gear box has to transfer nearly about 900 BHP to the rear wheels. These needs very strong clutch and Gearbox. Also the weight of the gearbox is very critical. The clutch of an F1 gear box just weighs close to 1.5 kgs, which is like 2-3 times lighter of that of a road car. Also the cover of the gear box casing is made from carbon fibre. Since the gear box is such a critical component of the car, special and alien materials needs to be used which can satisfy the high demand of speed and temperatures achieved in the gear box. Gear box is a complex component in terms of construction and hence the materials to be used for it needs special ability of machining to the fine tolerance and shapes required. The figure below illustrated the complexity of shape and tolerance to be achieved in a gear box.http//v4admin.sportnetwork.net/upload/491/491_0_1210265553.jpgFigure 8 BMW SAUBER 2005 F1 Gearbox.2.4.7. SuspensionFormula 1 suspension requires incredibly high stiffness at the same time high strength to withstand the bumps overcome by the car at speed of 200 mph. It is a very important component of the car as it directs the car understeer and oversteer characteristics. Also some high end formula team consider the aerodynamic forces due to the suspension linkage. Thus the materials to be selected for a Formula 1 cars suspension also need to fulfil the characteristics of machinability to the required aerodynamic shape along with very high stiffness and strength. Carbon fibre is proven to be a material with extremely high stiffness with very little weight and thus is used in the suspension of a F1 car. In the past times light weight aluminium was used for the suspension but did not prove to be as effective. Some designers have also tried using titanium for the suspension. But use titanium mainly depends on the budget of the team as it is a very exotic material as discovered before. The materials used by the F1 teams for 2010 season for suspension are further discussed in the results and discussion topic. The figure below demonstrates the suspension on a F1 car.http//www.virtualr.net/wp-content/gallery/1349/suspension21.jpgFigure 9 F1 suspension model.2.5. SummaryThus we have discussed the possible materials with their characteristics and past relevance to F1. The materials discussed are Aluminium, Magnesium, Titanium, Honeycomb material and Composite materials.We have also discussed the environmental factors such as Life cycle analysis and recycling to the safety factors required for the materials in order to be used in a high speed sport such as F1.Then finally we have discussed the components of the car which shall be taken into consideration for this project. They are Engine, bodywork, Fuel tank, Brakes, Wheel rims, Gearbox and suspension. The function and the criteria for the materials to be selected in this topic have been discussed briefly.3.0. exPERIMENTAL / NUMERICAL METHODOLOGYA brief description of all the materials that can be considered for using in a Formula 1 car along with their structural properties is explained in the table exhibited below. The values of these structural properties of the materials are used to determine the materials to be used for the specified part. Also the cost of the materials is provided to check if the material is within the budget.YoungsShearBreakingFractureThermal costDensityModulusModulusPoissonsYield StressUTSstrainToughnessExpansion3-3/2-6MATERIALType($/kg)( ,Mg/m )(E , GPa)(G , GPa)Ratio ( )( Y , Mpa)( f ,Mpa)( f , %)(K c ,MN m)( ,10 /C)Alumina (Al2O3)c1.903.93901250.264800350.04.48.1Aluminium alloy (7075-T6)m1.802.770280.34500570122833Beryllium alloym315.002.92451100.123605006.05.014Bone (compact)n1.902.0143.50.431001009.05.020Brass (70Cu30Zn, annealed)m2.208.4cxxx390.337532570.08020Cermets (Co/WC)ct78.6011.54702000.3065012002.5135.8CFRP Laminate (graphite)ct110.001.51.5530.282005502.03812Copper alloysm2.258.3cxxxv500.35510 7200.39418Corkn9.950.180.0320.0050.251.41.5800.074180Epoxy thermosetp5.501.23.51.40.2545454.00.5060GFRP Laminate (glass)ct3.901.826100.281255302.04019Glass (soda)c1.352.565260.233500350.00.718.8Granitec3.152.666260.252500600.11.56.5Ice (H2O)c0.230.929.13.60.28856.50.00.1155Lead alloysm1.2011.

Recruiting Source Choices Internal vs. External

Recruiting Source Choices Internal vs. immaterialThe article is about enlisting source choices. The author was studying internal and impertinent enlisting methods to find out which one is appropriate and in which situation it is applicable. The enlisting source selection is a course step, which is mostly about the combination of the damage and the speed of the selection of the new worker. The major issue for the human resource recruiter is about the preference between the internal and external recruitment.The tool apply in was use examination of secondary information. The population studied was the employees. Internal recruitment offers the opportunity to the workers of the organization however it is not appropriate for all the job vacancies. External recruitment is costly, it takes longer time and the new worker does not know the organization moreover the learning curve is not complex. Internal recruitment is the outstrip tool for the job vacancies, this is because the experie nce is available within the organization furthermore it enables the use of human capital competently as the employees shift to the job positions, the employees think of added for the company is maximized (http//yourhrmguide.com/content/recruitment-source-selection-internal-or-external-recruitment).External recruitment is appropriate for the job vacancy where the company needs to improve its competence for the external know-how and for the job positions, which are hugger-mugger and they cannot be declared internally to employees. The external recruitment is mostly used when the organization needs stability and the employees cannot shift from the job position to another. Internal recruitment is the best recruitment tool when the organization improves its processes and services appointn to the other divisions in the organization or to the external clients. The external recruitment ought to be used when the company wants to introduce a new field of the corporation and it needs to inc rease an expertise and knowledge quickly.Section 2How does having multiple recruiting means help endeavor establish its brand?Having multiple recruiting means help enterprise establish its brand because it offers variety of choices to all clients. By doing this it expands the range n which the firmly reaches its clients. For instance since the company has an MTV show, an online game and other recruitment methods, clients choose the method they like most. The MTV show is very interesting and it has attracted many candidates. The contenders were asked questions and were judged in relation to their answers, since third out of four candidates were offered jobs, this has attracted many contenders and as a result there were many referrals.The variety of activities in the firm has helped in enterprise recruitment which has wherefore assisted its strategic goal of launching its employment brand. This is because the program combines all of enterprise recruitment resources and advertiseme nt its website as well as other recruitment efforts. The television show and the online games were attention getters but what has made the enterprise expand the most is from employee referrals. The enterprise workers who refer candidates are heavily rewarded to up to $500 to $1,500 and to boot get permanent employment. It is an advantage since the referrals check out the firm and mention the enterprise to others thereby expanding the pool of potential recruits. This has really helped the enterprise8 in establishing its brand.Go to the enterprise website (www.erac.com/recruit) and the click on tab About Enterprise. Check out the online game, career opportunities and other components. Then evaluate how effective you feel the website is an employment brand and recruitingThe companys website give me the business is very popular. The game lets people harbor an experience of a customer service corporation. It is virtual marketing of enterprise and its fun culture as a result it is an em ployment branding and recruiting resource. The graphics, web contents, and designs bring credit for the firm.The companys website is scalable and of high quality hence very effective. It is a specialized website since it offers the most-valuable messages, services such as games and specific products to his clients and since any one can browse and scrutinize about the services profoundly and independently it is an employment branding and recruiting resource.Section 3What are some advantages and disadvantages of recruiting internally versus recruitingexternally?Advantages of internal recruitment are that it is less expensive since it does not involve paying external agency for recruitment. It improves the morale of subsisting employees there is recognition and reward of the excellent performance of internal employees. Internal recruitment reinforces and supports the organizations succession planning strategies. Internal staffs have existing information accessible about their skills.D isadvantages of internal recruitment are that it can reinforce existing negative behavior there will be the risk of in breeding. Employees that are not promoted can become unhappy. In internal recruitment a strong performance management structure is need and it can promote political infighting amongst internal employees.Advantages of external recruitment are that it avoids the risk of forming resentment by endorsing the favorites from the inside. The employees from the outside introduce fresh ideas, skills and knowledge. External recruitment forces internal staff to update their skills and education it helps to facilitate turn in mores.The disadvantages of external recruitment are that new employees may not fit the existing customs within the organization. It might affect the morale of internal employees who have been over-looked. It needs a longer period of orientation and induction assists to facilitate change in customs in the organization. Another disadvantage is that it may t ake longer to fill up the position and it may as well build resentment from existing workers (http//yourhrmguide.com/content/recruitment-source-selection-internal-or-external-recruitment).

Que He Hecho Yo Para Merecer Esto Film Studies Essay

Que He Hecho Yo Para Merecer Esto Film Studies EssayHer only companions are her dwelling appliances. Theyre the sole witnesses to her pain, her solitude and her anxieties. Theyre also the only witnesses of the capital punishment she commits. Expand on this comment from Almodvars interview with Strauss explaining the full significance of this statement to the characterisation of Gloria in Qu he hecho yo para merecer esto (1984).In Qu he hecho yo para merecer esto, the home base appliances are, as Almodvar states, Glorias companions. They are also, quite simply, the bane of her existence. They stand for the incessant amount of housework within which she is constantly immersed, the deterioration in the relationships she shares with her husband and children, and the sophisticated lifestyle that has failed to deliver its lucrative promises. This duality that the household appliances present for Gloria willing be explored in the ensuing essay.The first time the viewer sees Gloria in tie with her household appliances is when she fills her airstream machine with clothes. The next direct liaison between housewife and appliance is seen when she puts a pan into the oven. In both instances the camera is positi wizardd so as to show the appliances, in effect, taking the point of view and looking back at her. Almodvar explains this choice of camera angle I close in the shots from within these domestic appliances because I wanted to tell the story from the perspective of the objects that were a part of her daily life. Indeed, the subjective shots from inside the household appliances suggest Gloria is cosmos ob actd by the objects.Moreover, the camera frames Glorias face in a close-up for several seconds at a time a view which is rarely seen throughout the entire film and it is in these instances that the viewer can properly see Glorias wrinkles, her frowning lips, her eye bags. All this infers that it is only the appliances that are able to compreh discontinue her pain, her solitude, and her anxieties, whereas her husband, or anyone else for that matter, could non care less. Her only companions are hence her household appliances.On the some other hand, the viewer could deduce the opposite at the same time by analysing this same mise-en-scne. These sequences feature an unconventional reverse-angle shot amidst a conventional kitchen setting only the reverse shot is shown we do non see Glorias point of view that one would normally expect of the washing machine as she loads it with clothes. While this non-naturalistic use of the reverse-angle shot is startling as it creates a distancing effect for the viewer, it is not alone unfamiliar, since TV commercials for clothes washers and fried-chicken recipes desire ago appropriated this particular editing figure (DLugo, Pedro Almodovar, p. 40). Almodvar explains in his interview with Philippe Rouyer and Claudine Vi, I wanted to show the thrash roughly side of all these ads that always tout th e happiness brought by domestic appliances but never the misery that envelops the housekeeper, the lack of pleasure that these appliances bring. (Willoquet-Maricondi, Pedro Almodvar Interviews, p. 75) Almodvar indeed succeeds in demonstrating this concept since there is no find of happiness in Glorias look as she puts in the laundry the quotidian, routine nature of loading the washing machine can be clearly perceived here in her indifferent expression. In the ads of yesteryear however, the housewife using the washing machine would shake up a bright toothy smile plastered onto her face, as if to suggest that she could not be happier doing anything else since the machine has made her life so easy.In particular, this spoof of old commercials seen in these sequences sets the genre of the entire film itself. Despite its eclecticism and resultant hybrid nature, Qu he hecho suggests in general a satire of a sitcom about a beleaguered housewife. Its frenzied pace makes the film run hast ily, and the close-quarters framing, where the viewer is shown the constant movement of actors in and out of the frame, recreates the look of the television screen. As Marcia Pally writes, Qu he hecho plays directly off the traditions of daytime TV without quoting any particular sitcom or soap (Willoquet-Maricondi, Pedro Almodvar Interviews, p. 86).These appliances definitely do not in any way make her life any easier the chicken that she had put into the oven for dinner becomes burnt, causing her husband to curse at her. It is then she who eat the burned parts this effectively being an example of how it is the housewife who sacrifices herself for her family. In this respect, it can be deduced that the household appliances do more harm than good to her.In this latter scene, the oven undoubtedly manifests itself as a contributing source of tension and conflict between the married couple. Moreover, after the shot from within the washing machine, she impatiently shoos away her son To ni from the kitchen when he comes to ask her help with his homework. In the next shot, the viewer sees Toni walk into the life story room and it his grandmother who asks him how his homework is coming along, and offers to kick in him a hand. True, she gives him all the wrong the answers, but that is beside the point Toni and his grandmother spend a lot of time together, discussing their future plans when they go back to their pueblo, walking in the streets and the park, going to the cinema, etc. To this end, in terms of film editing, the contrast between the relationships between Toni and Gloria, and Toni and his abuela, are especially emphasised due to the juxtaposition of these two scenes.Gloria has been off the beaten track(predicate) too busy doing her housework to notice her sons grow up over the years. This is demonstrated near the end of the film when Toni hands her some of his savings. She tells him, Hijo qu poco te conozco she obviously has been unaware of what he does and where he goes terrestrial. When the bus pulls away, we are shown a mid-shot of Gloria for more than 45 seconds as she walks back home. The length and type of shot allows us to in full comprehend Glorias facial expressions which is markedly chock full of emotion tearful and distressed, it appears that it has just dawned upon her what she has missed all these years being a housewife, and now it appears to be too late as both sons have left. It could be thus said that her only companions are her household appliances by virtue of the very fact that her household appliances are her companions The fact that she is addicted to amphetamines such as washing detergent could not convey any clearer this point that she has an unhealthy relationship with her household appliances just like any drug addiction, it spells the deterioration of her relationship with her family.To Almodvar, the sequences which are reminiscent of commercials also have another implication Advertising is the only fo rte which makes these objects alive and level endows them with personalities. There are a huge number of commercials in which the main character is a yoghurt carton, directed as if it were a real character, lit by the cameraman as if it were a genuine star. Im very interested by this aspect of advertising. The value it gives to objects and the way it turns them into characters. Indeed, the fact that the viewer sees Gloria, the subject of the shot, from the point of view of the washing machine and the oven makes it appear as if the household appliances are autonomous beings who have some sort of command and higher(prenominal) authority over Gloria, bidding her to live her life around opening this door, filling that compartment with detergent, pushing this button, turning that knob, and so on. These shots are disturbing and slightly alarm when seen in this light, but this is certainly the underlying reason why Gloria is so downtrodden by her career as a housewife, slowly crumbling u nder the weight of the travails that everyday life dictates.On a deeper level still, these household appliances, independent of their commercial-like personifyation in the film, are a constant reminder of this modern standard of living in which Gloria and her family inhabit. This mise-en-scne reflects the migration motif of the narrative. The plot and mise-en-scne of Qu he hecho is reminiscent of a specifically Spanish tradition of black comedies from the fifties and early sixties such as Jos Antonio Nieves Condes Surcos. Indeed, it is a film which Almodvar himself acknowledges as one of the cinematic inspirations for Qu he hecho. Grounded in the socioeconomic conditions of the period, these films focused on the plight of urban dwellers. They struggled to survive in a city that was unable to provide jobs and housing to a population swollen by recent arrives from the economically even more desperate provinces in search of the consumerist culture that had been the promise of Francos economic policies (DLugo, Pedro Almdovar, p. 41). Contrary to Almodvars often-cited declarations about making films as if Franco never existed, Qu he hecho depicts a knowledge base created by the urban non-planning of the Franco years, growing out of a policy that actively sought by passive neglect of urban social services to reject immigration to the corrupt cities (Carr and Fusi, The Rural Exodus in Spain Dictatorship to Democracy, pp. 66-70). Like the characters from those earlier films, both Gloria and her husband have come from the pueblo, the pueblo to which her mother-in-law and older son Toni will return at the end of the film. The post-Franco city has failed them, as it fails Gloria, despite their apparently greater material well-being in a world of timesaving home appliances, the consumer enlightenment of contemporary Spain. As Almodvar succinctly puts it in his summary of the film, Gloria would like to become a member of the consumer society, but only manages to consum e herself, day by day.Nevertheless, as Almodvar states in the quote in the question above, the only witnesses to her murder are not beings but her refrigerator and gas stove. The only other witness, the lizard, is killed. Obviously due to their inanimate nature, they cannot reveal the truth to the policemen, but because they do not, thus seems to suggest that they sympathise and even tacitly approve of the murder of her lascivious husband. In this regard, the household appliances are indeed her companions, and perhaps passive accomplices in the crime.The characterisation of Gloria is also conveyed through the use of still camera shots. Almodvar acknowledges that although this technique was determined rather by the restricted nature of the sets, the tripod was perfect for the film it added a great deal of tension. Generally, tracking shots tend to soften the action dapple the tripod hardens it. I wanted to stay inside the house because it was Glorias only universe. Hence it is the house that is the setting for much of the film as if the house, and everything within it, were a whiz itself. This inevitably connects the household with Gloria, as if they were on equal footing, and thus reinforcing Almodvars statement that her only companions are her household appliances. Moreover, this tension that the use of the tripod brings for the viewer serves to intensify the sense of anxiety and stress that Gloria the housewife undergoes perpetually as she exists within her universe.In the attempted suicide scene, on the other hand, Almodvar uses almost a long tracking shot. He starts with a shot of Gloria and then moves to an elaborate tracking shot, with the camera surveying her entire field of vision before returning to her. I really wanted to use an original shot. The effect if pretty deep, it renders what is most intimate in a human being. I wanted to show that the instant she becomes free, free from any obligation, she comes back home and finds it so neat and ord ered that she feels terrible, because theres nothing for her to do. Her life has no meaning. She worked for her family her entire life, never taking time to do something for herself, to have hopes. She feels the emptiness created by everybodys departure, a huge abyss opens under her (Willoquet-Maricondi, Pedro Almodvar Interviews, p. 75). This 360-degree pan from her point of view registers the emptiness of the home. It appears that Glorias entire life has been about nothing but cooking and cleaning and serving her family. The film starts with Gloria as a housewife and thus, as far as the viewer is concerned, she might as well have been a housewife forever prior to that. It follows thus that when there is no longer a need to use her household appliances to serve her family, she has lost her raison detre. This is indeed what leads her to want to commit suicide at the end of the film.It must be obvious after this discussion that when Almodvar describes the household appliances as Glor ias companions, he does not mean to suggest that they are her friends. Although they are the only entities that pay her any attention whatsoever, she is enslaved to them, and this is clearly detrimental to her relationships with her husband and children. Moreover, the household appliances represent the modern way of living for Gloria and her family, and as such reveal the lack of fundamental change despite the intervening years of the so-called economic miracle and the end of Francoism.

Life Was Never the Same: The Effects of the Atomic Bomb on the Survivo

The release of atomic energy has so changed everything that our former ways of thinking have been rendered obsolete. We therefore face tragedy unheard of in former times. If mankind is to survive, then we need a completely new way of thinking. Albert Einstein Life Was Never the Same The cause of the Atomic Bomb on the Survivors In August of 1945, the world changed forever with the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The lives of millions were shattered in a few seconds as the bombs demolished their homes and murdered their family members. Never has one incident in history affected such a great number of people for so legion(predicate) years. Today, the Japanese are still feeling the effects of the dropping of the atomic bombs. With the marking of the fifty-year anniversary in 1995, the dreadful scars still remain in the bodies and the paddy wagon of those who were present in 1945. The radiation emitted from the atomic bombs caused numerous growth disorde rs, many psychological and social effects along with a drastic increase in leukemia and breast cancer that affected many innocent civilians. Many scientists were interested in accessing the damage done by the atomic bombs therefore, surveys began immediately after the bombings. forces agencies and scientists from various universities designed the first surveys. Americans felt it was necessary to investigate the effects of the atomic bomb, so President Truman established the Atomic Bomb Casualty relegating in 1946. Its major goal was to obtain survey samples that reflected the actual conditions of the exposed and it was responsible for many studies including the Adult Health Study and the Life Span Study.1 The complaint did not disband until 1974 ... ... Notes1. Ishikawa, Eisei, David L. Swain, trans. The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ed., Hiroshima and Nagasaki The Physical, Medical, and Soci al Effects of the Atomic Bombings (New York Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1981), 510-512. 2. Historical priming coat Relating to Relocation of the Radiation Effect Research Foundation (RERF), http//www.1amesh.ne.jp/usui-n/radiante.htm (1 November 1999). 3. Eisei, 222-230, 450-52. 4. Eisei, 14. 5. Eisei, 449. 6. Frank. W. Chinnock, Nagasaki The Forgotten Bomb (New York New American Library, 1969), 297. 7. Eisei, 259. 8. Radiation Effects Research Foundation, http//www.rerf.or.jp/eigo/experhp/rerfhome.htm (1 November 1999). 9. Eisei, 186-210. 10. Eisei, 489-90.

Acid Rain :: Free Essay Writer

Acid rain is a form of over-confidence that contains high levels of sulfuric or nitric savages. In simple terms, acid rain is hail, rain, snow, or sleet that is more acidic than normal. Precipitation naturally is a little acidic but when the pH level drops below a banding standard it is acid rain. In general, acid rain is a very complicated problem that is caused by many factors. In this paper, I will demonstrate how emissions caused by humans effect pH level in precipitation.First, I will define, in detail, what acid rain is. Acid rain is precipitation that has a pH less than 5.6. The pH scale is a scale that measures if a compound is acidic, basic, or neutral. Neutral is in the middle which has a pH of 7. fundamental has a pH between 7.1 and 14 and acidic has a pH between 6.9 and 0. For example, vinegar is acidic with a pH reading of 2.4. Normal precipitation has a pH between 6.9 and 5.9.Acid rain is formed when sulfur dioxide and various nitrogen oxides combine with atmosph eric moisture. Sulfur dioxide is modernised by the emissions of electric utilities, industrial companies, commercial and residential heating, smelters and diesel engines. Sulfur dioxide piddles sulfuric acid, which will produce acid rain. Nitrogen oxides are produced mostly by transportation (cars, trucks, planes, etc.). Nitrogen oxides produce nitric acid, which will also produce acid rain. The main contributor to acid rain is sulfur oxides (SO2 and SO3). Sulfur oxides are produced naturally but not in the concentration that humans produce. The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, can be largely blamed for the production of sulfur oxides. The process of acid rain starts when photons from the sun hit ozone molecules (O3) to form oxygen (O2). Next, the O2 molecules react with water (H2O) to form a negatively charged hydroxyl radicals (OH-). It is the hydroxyl radicals that are trustworthy for oxidizing sulfur dioxide. This will produce sulfuric acid. Oxidation occurs in clouds m ostly above cities with heavily polluted air. These clouds contain ammonia and ozone that can catalyze the reaction. This fashion that the ammonia and ozone will produce more sulfuric acid fast and the ammonia and ozone will not be consumed in the reaction. Nitrogen oxides are produce from power plants and exhaust fumes from automobiles. The reactions to make nitric acid are similar to the reactions to make sulfuric acid.