Theories of Ideology in Sociology

Ideology is the lens through which a person views the world. Within the field of sociology, ideology is broadly understood to refer to the sum total of a persons values, beliefs, assumptions, and expectations. Ideology exists within society, within groups, and between people. It shapes our thoughts, actions, and interactions, along with what happens in society at large. Ideology is a fundamental concept in sociology. Sociologists study it because it plays such a powerful role in shaping how society is organized and how it functions. Ideology is directly related to the social structure, economic system of production, and political structure. It both emerges out of these things and shapes them. Ideology vs. Particular Ideologies Often, when people use the word ideology they are referring to a particular ideology rather than the concept itself. For example, many people, especially in the media, refer to extremist views or actions as being inspired by a particular ideology (for example, radical Islamic ideology or white power ideology) or as ideological. Within sociology, much attention is paid to what is known as  the dominant ideology, or the particular ideology that is most common and  strongest in a given society. However, the concept of ideology itself is actually general in nature and not tied to one particular way of thinking. In this sense, sociologists define ideology as a persons worldview and recognize that there are various and competing ideologies operating in a society at any given time, some more dominant than others. Ultimately, ideology determines how we make sense of things. It provides an ordered view of the world, our place in it, and our relationship to others. As such, it is deeply important to the human experience, and typically something that  people cling to and defend, whether or not they are conscious of doing so. And, as ideology emerges out of the  social structure  and  social order, it is generally expressive of the social interests that are supported by both. Terry Eagleton, a British literary theorist, and intellectual explained it this way in his 1991 book  Ideology: An Introduction: Ideology is a system of concepts and views which serves to make sense of the world while obscuring the  social interests  that are expressed therein, and by its completeness and relative internal consistency tends to form a  closed  system and maintain itself in the face of contradictory or inconsistent experience. Marxs Theory of Ideology German philosopher Karl Marx  is considered the first to provide a theoretical framing of ideology within the context of sociology. Michael Nicholson  / Contributor  / Getty Images According to Marx, ideology emerges out of a societys mode of production. In his case and in that of the modern United States,  the economic mode of production is capitalism. Marxs approach to ideology was set forth in his theory of  base and superstructure. According to Marx, the superstructure of society, the realm of ideology, grows out of the base, the realm of production, to reflect the interests of the ruling class and justify the status quo that keeps them in power. Marx, then, focused his theory on the concept of a dominant ideology. However, he viewed the relationship between base and superstructure as dialectical in nature, meaning that each affects the other equally and that a change in one necessitates a change in the other. This belief formed the basis for Marxs theory of revolution. He believed that once workers  developed a class consciousness  and became aware of their exploited position relative to the powerful class of factory owners and financiers—in other words, when they experienced a fundamental shift in ideology—that they would then act on that ideology by organizing and demanding a change in the social, economic, and political structures of society. Gramscis Additions to Marxs Theory of Ideology The working-class revolution that Marx predicted never happened. Nearly 200 years after the publication of The Communist Manifesto, capitalism maintains a strong grip on global society and  the inequalities it fosters continue to grow. Fototeca Storica Nazionale.  / Contributor  / Getty Images   Following on the heels of Marx, the Italian activist, journalist, and intellectual  Antonio Gramsci  offered a more developed theory of ideology to help explain why the revolution did not occur. Gramsci, offering his theory of  cultural hegemony, reasoned that dominant ideology had a stronger hold on consciousness and society than Marx had imagined. Gramscis theory focused on the  central role played by the  social institution of education  in spreading the dominant ideology and maintaining the power of the ruling class. Educational institutions, Gramsci argued, teach ideas, beliefs, values, and even identities that reflect the interests of the ruling class, and produce compliant and obedient members of society that serve the interests of that class. This type of rule is what Gramsci called cultural hegemony. The Frankfurt School and Louis Althusser on Ideology Some years later, the  critical theorists  of  the Frankfurt School turned their attention to the role that art,  popular culture, and mass media play in disseminating ideology. They argued that just as education plays a role in this process, so do the social institutions of media and popular culture. Their theories of ideology focused on the representational work that art, popular culture, and mass media do in telling stories about society, its members, and our way of life. This work can either support the dominant ideology and the status quo, or it can challenge it, as in the case of  culture jamming. Jacques Pavlovsky  / Contributor  / Getty Images Around the same time, the French philosopher Louis Althusser developed his concept of the ideological state apparatus, or the ISA. According to Althusser, the dominant ideology of any given society is maintained and reproduced through several ISAs, notably the media, religion, and education. Althusser argued that each ISA does the work of promoting illusions about the way society works and why things are the way they are. Examples of Ideology In the modern United States, the dominant ideology is one that, in keeping with Marxs theory, supports capitalism and the society organized around it. The central tenet of this ideology is that U.S. society is one in which all people are free and equal, and thus, can do and achieve anything they want in life. A key supporting tenet is the idea that work is morally valuable, no matter the job. Together, these beliefs form an ideology supportive of capitalism by helping us make sense of why some people achieve so much in terms of success and wealth  while others achieve so little. Within the logic of this ideology, those who work hard are guaranteed to see success. Marx would argue that these ideas, values, and assumptions work to justify a reality in which a very small class of people holds most of the authority within corporations, firms, and financial institutions. These beliefs also justify a reality in which the vast majority of people are simply workers within the system. While these ideas may reflect the dominant ideology in modern America, there are in fact other ideologies that challenge them and the status quo they represent. The radical labor movement, for example, offers an alternative ideology—one that instead assumes that the capitalist system is fundamentally unequal and that those who have amassed the greatest wealth are not necessarily deserving of it. This competing ideology asserts that the power structure is controlled by the ruling class and is designed to impoverish the majority for the benefit of a privileged minority. Labor radicals throughout history have fought for new laws and public policies that would redistribute wealth and promote equality and justice.

Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research - 1465 Words

Unit 6: Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research Kaplan University July 16, 2013 Unit 6 Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research The research conducted by Foster-Fitzpatrick, Ortiz, Sibilano, Marcantonio and Braun (1999) is a quantitative study of the significance of crossing the legs while blood pressure is being measured. The purpose of the research was to determine whether leg-crossing impacted the results of blood pressure measurements. The research conducted by Palese, Skrap, Fachin, Visioli and Zannini (2008) is a qualitative study of the subjective data collected from patients who experienced while-awake craniotomies. Identification of Design Quantitative Research Article Design The design chosen for this†¦show more content†¦167). This study meets the criteria for purposeful sampling. Critique of Sampling Methodology Quantitative Critique of Sampling Methodology The convenience sampling that was used in recruiting all male patients who were on blood pressure medications is a glaring bias in this study. There was no information provided addressing why the patients were presenting to the clinic. There are many interventions that can raise blood pressure. For example, the study conducted by Marshall, Anantharachagan, Choudhary, Chue and Kaurhis, (2002) investigated the effect of situational anxiety on blood pressure experienced in anticipation of a blood test. Marshall, et. al., (2002) found that anticipation of a blood test can raise blood pressure. Foster-Fitzpatrick, et. al., 1999 did not address the purpose of the patient’s visit to the clinic. The researchers addressed known influential factors verbally, but not all factors were controlled during the experiment. For example, time of day, the white coat effect along with respirations and heart rate were not addressed in the results. Qualitative Critique of Sampling Methodology Based upon information provided this study was appropriate conducted as a purposeful sampling but, this studyShow MoreRelatedCritiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, Or Mixed Methods1135 Words   |  5 Pages Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies Paper Quantitative and qualitative research studies are both significant in nursing. In this paper, I will be critiquing two articles using both approaches. Using Walden’s database system, the articles will be located and compared to one another. After this assignment, I hope to gain a better understanding if critiquing research articles. 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The different strategies of sampling includes: 1. Probability sampling is typically used in quantitative research studies (Polit Beck, 2014). It involves a specific analytical process that requires the random selection of attributes from a population that is being studied, which establishes that there is an equal likelihood of each attribute in theRead MoreExamining Evidence Based Practice For Patients With Chest Pain899 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant arguments for the need to implement evidence-based practice (EBP) are that it leads to the highest quality of care and the best patient outcome (Melnyk Fineout-Overholt, 2011). It is the standard of practice for nurses to be able to use research skills for evidence-based knowledge that are relevant to their clinical practice. The purpose of this paper is to outline and compare the selected articles on how the study findings related to patients with chest pain, to determine the validity

5 Stages of Grief free essay sample

The emotional stages we experience from a loss vary. Here are some of the emotions that I have experienced personally as well as by close family and friends who have lost someone. They are in no particular order: confusion, anxiety, fatigue, sadness, shock, denial, anger, depression, guilt, bargaining, fear and acceptance. Some of them are similar but not limited to Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’ famous theory of the five stages of grief (Kubler-Ross,1969) – denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance which were all based on interviews she had with terminally ill patients. Depending on the type of loss that is experienced it can give some insight to what type of emotions may be experienced by the one grieving. I believe there is no right or wrong way to grieve nor is there a time frame on the grieving process. Everyone, young and old, will eventually experience grief. How they process that grief will depend on their experiences. Emotional Experiences in Grief I remember the moment my mother took her last breath. Right before that happened my sisters and I were all laughing and joking with our aunt and cousin who were on Skype. We all knew my mom was in her transition stage. She was leaving us but nobody knew when. My cousin, who was watching her from her screen, noticed my mom open her eyes. I then heard my aunt who heard my cousin ask â€Å"are her eyes open†? When I turned to look at her I noticed her eyes turned to my sister who was sitting on her right, then turn in front of her to my other sister who was laying in front of her then turn to me as I was sitting on her left side. She then looked up, closed her eyes for the last time and left. I looked up at my sister who is a nurse and saw the look on her face as she nodded her head to confirm that our mom had just died. At that very moment I felt fear, confusion and pain go through me. I began to cry at the same time wondering if my mom was really gone. The doubt left me when the hospice nurse arrived to confirm that my mom was no longer with us. I then went into a stage of cloudiness. I felt I was walking on air. My sisters and all other family members were crying as they arrived and saw her. I began to shut myself down from feeling anything. Numbness began to set in. I was her caregiver for 6 years. The last year of her life I became her 24hr caregiver. I couldn’t believe that my mom was gone. Although I expected the inevitable, I wasn’t ready for it to actually happen. My children each went through different emotions. My 23 year old son wrote a note on his facebook page detailing the experience he had once he realized that my mom was gone. He stated one of the first things he did was call his sisters to inform them that grandma had just died and then he grabbed his grandmother’s bible that he was using for bible study and took a walk. Two of my daughters cried and clung to their boyfriends when they arrived and then began to tell funny stories of their grandmother as they talked about her. My oldest daughter lost it. She began to yell and scream when hearing the news. She was in New York City and had to say goodbye to her grandmother on Skype before they came to pick her up. I watched her reaction and hurt for her. If she could climb through the screen to be on the other side she would have. My sisters all experienced different emotions. One experienced guilt for not being there while another was confused. The sister who was a nurse was in two separate modes – the nurse in her acted as well as the child in her. She was trying to be strong and found she was weak as she processed that our mother had just died. Prior to my mother’s death 4 very close friends of mine had experienced sudden losses. I learned from them that there is really nothing you can say to someone when they lose someone they love. You have to allow them to get through whatever emotion they are feeling at the time. I found that listening to them was a huge help for them. They just wanted someone to listen. They didn’t want advice nor did they want you to â€Å"relate† to them. For them nobody could understand the pain. On June 25th of 2008 one friend lost her 23 year old sister to a domestic violence murder leaving behind a 2 year old little girl. On October 2nd, 2008 my sister in law lost her baby sister suddenly to an asthma attack leaving behind two young children. September 3rd 2010 another friend lost her 16 year old daughter to a negligent accident on the part of her daughters’ boyfriend who was playing with a rifle he just got for his 18th birthday that he pointed to her face not realizing it was still loaded fatally wounding her. Another friend lost her 43 year old sister who 9 days prior had a baby. Her heart just stopped beating while in the hospital getting ready to undergo some tests to find out why she was not feeling well. They could not revive her. I watched and listened as each one of my friends went through different stages of grief. All experienced anger, confusion, shock, guilt. The greatest of these was anger. Two of my friends were extremely angry. My friend who lost her 16 year old daughter was angry at the boyfriend and the family for being careless. Until justice was served in a courtroom, her anger did not subside. She still grieves for the beautiful child that she can no longer hold but has learned to get by. She relies on her faith in God to get her through one day at a time and encourages others, including myself, during the stages of grief. My other friend who lost her sister at the hospital 9 days after having a baby was angry at God. She couldn’t understand why God allowed her sister to die. She then experiences the loss of her nephew as well. The father decided – for whatever personal reasons that led them to court – to keep the son away from the family of his biological mother. This made it a double sudden loss for my friend in a matter of months. Three years later she is still angry and in pain. She turns to friends and her religious beliefs for peace. My friend whose sister was murdered by her own husband experienced anger at first but then let go of that anger and started to forgive her brother in law who committed suicide days after the murder. She did not feel anger towards his family as her other sister and mother did. She was grateful he did not take the life of her niece who was there when he murdered her mother. She relies on God for strength and the support of her friends to help her through. She still grieves the loss when the anniversary of her death or her birthday comes up but is able to cope as she raises her niece. My sister in law mourns her sister as well every birthday and anniversary of her death. She is very involved in the lives of her niece and nephew and relies on her faith in God and family and friends to get through. All of them continue to grieve on the anniversaries of the death of their loved ones as well as their birthdays. Grief and the Physical Consequences My youngest sister could not sleep at night for months. She felt guilty that she had moved to another state during our mother’s illness and felt worse the day my mother died because she fell asleep right before my mother took her last breath. The stress from her guilt caused her blood pressure to rise so high that her medication had to be increased to help it. The first couple of days after her death I was unable to sleep or eat. At the funeral before walking in I felt so dizzy I thought I was going to pass out. The anxiety of getting ready to see my mother in a coffin took its toll on me. I developed anxiety so bad it was making my heart race to the point where I had to be hospitalized overnight for observation due to heart issues. Another sister has been in and out of the hospital since the death of our mom. She continues to have anxiety attacks so bad it causes her heart to race. They can never find anything wrong although the EKG always shows her heart rate racing to the point of possible cardiac arrest. In an article I read by Elizabeth Harper Neeld, Ph. D. , Physical Stress of Grieving, she states â€Å"Grieving is hard work and takes a huge toll on our bodies†. She goes on to say that â€Å"the physical stress of grieving will cause us to lose coordination causing us to fall more easily. We wouldn’t be able to run our lives as smoothly making even simple things seem hard to do. Our brain and our eyes don’t coordinate the way they did before the loss. Our immune system is compromised. We tire easily†. These are just some physical attributes of the grieving process that I have either personally experienced or witnessed firsthand among friends and family. She also gives a partial list of diseases that can have an appearance throughout the grieving process which are: cardiovascular disorders, cancer, pernicious anemia, ulcerative colitis, leukemia, lymphoma, lupus, pneumonia, diabetes, influenza, glaucoma, high blood pressure, chronic itching, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic depression, alcoholism, drug dependency and malnutrition. These are just some of the physical consequences grief can bring. The Social Implications of Showing Grief During the time of my loss many people were there to support me. Pray for me and encourage me. Some even tried to understand me during my grief. After the experiences I have gone through with my friends prior to my own experience of loss, I learned that the best thing to say to someone who is grieving is nothing at all. What do you say to someone who lost their child to a careless accident? How do you explain to someone whose sister was just celebrating the birth of a child and days later mourns the death of the sister who brought that child into the world? Or to someone whose sister was murdered by her husband in a domestic violence dispute? People who grieve are looking for answers and will withdraw when faced with someone who tries to find the â€Å"right words† to say but end up saying something the griever does not want to hear. In the early stages of grief people need to carefully choose what to say. Their words can help or harm a person experiencing grief. One of my sisters wanted to die because she did not know how to process the loss so all she kept saying is â€Å"I want to die. † â€Å"I want to be with my mom†. She did not think about the fact that she had children and grandchildren of her own that would suffer just as much if something were to happen to her. Hearing her say these things upset me and it upset some of my siblings. We tried to convince her that our mom would not be happy if she kept thinking that way. We didn’t say it because we wanted to hurt her we said it because we were not prepared to go through another loss, especially one that would be unexpected. Another sibling had compassion for her and wanted to make us understand what she was going through. She felt we were being too harsh on her and did not want us to judge her for feeling the way she did. We all grieved in different ways but we all were grieving the same loss. I remember being told by my extended family members â€Å"get rid of that she’s not here anymore to tell you not to†, â€Å"You are not honoring your mother by posting how you feel†, â€Å"You’re the oldest and she left you in charge now so you need to be strong for the family†, or my personal favorite â€Å"at least she’s in a better place†. Although people that say these things mean well it only expresses to the grieving person that they have no clue what they are talking about unless they have walked down the road of loss. I found more comfort in those who knew the journey and what to expect. I needed to know if this horrible feeling of loss was temporary or would it get better with time. Some people never get past this. I kept away from family and friends that did not allow me to grieve and surrounded myself with people who walk me through my journey. Spirituality and Grief Spirituality has been a big part of my healing process. If not for my faith in God I don’t believe I would be able to smile or function. Use headings and subheadings to organize the sections of your paper. The first heading level is formatted with initial caps and is centered on the page. Do not start a new page for each heading. Subheading Subheadings are formatted with italics and are aligned flush left. Citations Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the authors and dates of the sources. The full source citation will appear in the list of references that follows the body of the paper. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parenthesis following the identification of the authors, for example, Smith (2001). When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons, for example (Smith and Jones, 2001; Anderson, Charles, Johnson, 2003). When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. When that source is cited again, the first author’s surname and â€Å"et al. † are used. See the example in the following paragraph. Use of this standard APA style â€Å"will result in a favorable impression on your instructor† (Smith, 2001). This was affirmed again in 2003 by Professor Anderson (Anderson, Charles Johnson, 2003). When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are cited every time. If there are six or more authors to be cited, use the first author’s surname and â€Å"et al. † the first and each subsequent time it is cited. When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation. A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. A longer quote of 40 or more words should appear (without quotes) in block format with each line indented five spaces from the left margin. 1 References Anderson, Charles Johnson (2003). The impressive psychology paper. Chicago: Lucerne Publishing. Smith, M. (2001). Writing a successful paper. The Trey Research Monthly, 53, 149-150. Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors and are formatted with a hanging indent. Most reference entries have three components: 1. Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are seven or more authors, list the first six and then use â€Å"et al. † for remaining authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference. 2. Year of Publication: In parenthesis following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use â€Å"n. d. † in parenthesis following the authors. 3. Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book). Appendix

Victor Frankenstein Essay Example For Students

Victor Frankenstein Essay Mary Shellys Romantic novel Frankenstein was a momentous accomplishment in the area of writing. Not only was the author only twenty-one when Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus was published in 1818, but the author was a woman. She became a very profitable author even though she only wrote one book, Frankenstein, which is said to be the first science-fiction novel. Victor Frankenstein, the protagonist of the novel, can be seen as a man who is mostly good, or a man who is mostly evil. Victor Frankenstein was a man who was passionately and sincerely in love with science and the quest for knowledge, a man who had one deep aspiration, and a man who got in over his head. Because Victor Frankenstein was so zealous about science and what it could do, and because he was so entranced by the thought of creating human life, he eventually does finds the secret of life and artificially births the Creature. His plunge into the maniac-like state that consumed him was slow, and gradual, each day he became more and more distant from society. We will write a custom essay on Victor Frankenstein specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Because Frankenstein spent years of planning and hoping to find the secret of life, he never thought that he actually might be frightened when he saw the creature for the first time. But, this is exactly what happened. Even though he knew what he was trying to do, when it happened, and he actually saw the creature standing there in front of himhe was terrified. So, acting on impulse, and fearing he might get hurt from this monstrous creature, he ran away from it. When Frankenstein was sure that the Creature killed William, he still didnt tell anyone because he knew it would be no use; no one would ever believe him. He knew that his admitting to creating the monster would be to no avail and thought that no good could come out of it. The biggest support for Frankenstein being mostly good is illustrated in the novel when he decides to not finish making the female companion to the Creature. He was being extremely selfish throughout the book until this point, but this time, he actually thought about someone else besides himself. He thought about the consequences that could arise and the people that it could hurt if he followed through with his promise in making another creature. He did this for the good of humanity. Victor Frankenstein obviously made some bad decisions. In accomplishing a great feat like creating a human life comes great responsibilities, and most of those times he didnt follow through. However, he was mostly good. He was acting as most people would in that situation, he is only humanpeople are fallible. Victor Frankenstein Essay Example For Students Victor Frankenstein Essay Frankenstein Essay; how did Frankensteins personality change during chapters four and 5? . I have been studying Frankenstein chapters four and five, in detail. The story is roughly about Victor Frankenstein and his creation; its about Victor becoming obsessed with making a human life using dead limbs and organs. He then becomes horrified and terrified at the abomination he has created. This is a gothic (horror) story, a few things that characterise this type of writing are cold and rainy nights, intense moonlight and lightning. Victor was driven by curiosity and interest in science. Victor studies science at the University of Ingolstadt, where he becomes best friends with a man who later becomes important in the plot. Whilst he is at university we learn that he is a very arrogant man. Had become as well acquainted with the theory and practice of natural philosophy as depended on the lessons of any of the professors at Ingolstadt, my residence being no longer conductive to my improvement. This tells me that Victor thinks he is so good, the professors cant teach him anymore, maybe he is even smarter than the professors as Ingolstadt. Victor is very enthusiastic about natural science and chemistry. We will write a custom essay on Victor Frankenstein specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now From this day, natural science and particularly chemistry became nearly my sole occupation. This point says to me that almost all of Victors time is taken up by biology and chemistry. Victor becomes obsessed with infusing life into a dead body, when he finds a way to do it; he becomes fully obsessed with doing so. He pursues his obsession; he works very late into the night collecting the human materials from graves. And the moon gazed upon my midnight labours, while, with unrelaxed and breathless eagerness I pursued nature to her hiding places. As I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave. Victor is going grave digging and late hours and stealing fresh body parts for his monster. He is totally obsessed at this point. I seemed to have lost all soul or sensation but for this one pursuit. He realises the level of obsession that he has for his creation, but shows no signs of remorse or stopping. In a solitary chamber, or rather cell, at the top of the house, and separated from all the other apartments by a gallery and staircase I kept my workshop of filthy creation. Victor now sees his house and workshop as a prison, almost admitting that he is disgusted by what he is doing. By the end of chapter four, Victor is becoming increasingly paranoid. I became nervous to a most painful degree; the fall of a leaf startled me. He has isolated himself from his friends and family for a long time and is showing signs of a mental breakdown. He is trying to kid himself into thinking he will be able to go back to normal when his creation is finished but the likelihood is that he wont be able to. And I believed that exercise and amusement would then drive away incipient disease; and I promised myself both of these when my creation should be complete. His mind is unstable and he is possibly insane. The atmosphere at the beginning of chapter five is very dark, it causes you to assume something bad is about to happen. It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. Frankenstein tells us of his anxiety of his experiments end result. With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony. When Victor created the monster, he was attempting to create a new species and be hailed for it. A new species would bless me as its creator and source. He thought the new species would see him as its father. No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs. .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 , .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 .postImageUrl , .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 , .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78:hover , .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78:visited , .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78:active { border:0!important; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78:active , .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78 .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u28fd1e214344fb800e68935772bacc78:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The novel The Handmaids Essay When the experiment had been completed, Victor was horrified by the result, everything that he has anticipated would happen; didnt. I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the muscles and arteries beneath. Victor wanted his creation to look beautiful, but the end result was quite the opposite. Victor was definitely disappointed, just like anyone who had put so much time and effort onto a project would be. I felt the bitterness of disappointment; dreams that had been my food and pleasant rest for so long were now to become a hell to me. Victor is very disappointed in his creation and himself because he worked for so long and so hard for nothing but a hideous being to be the end result. I nearly sank to the ground through languor and extreme weakness. Victor has deprived himself of sleep; the visions of a beautiful human crafted by his own had kept Victor going for two years, I had worked hard for nearly two years. But now, devastated, Victor is very weak. At the beginning of chapter four, Victor was a bright but arrogant man that was very enthusiastic about science, mainly biology and chemistry. Further into the chapter he starts to become obsessed with finding the secret to infusing life into a dead body, he was arrogant and believed he was better and smarter than the professors at his university (Ingolstadt). By the end of chapter four he is completely obsessed with trying to bring a dead body to life. Sometimes I grew alarmed at the wreck I perceived I had become Victor realised that he had a big problem but because he was so engrossed in his project. Eventually the very thing that had kept him going scared him enough to realise that he had a problem with his obsession. I do not agree with Victors methods or what he did to himself, but I understand why he did it and to see that he was regretful in the end makes his case a lot easier to understand. However what Victor did was not only immoral, it was illegal, His obsession drove him to commit a crime that was against the ethics of his community. In my opinion, Victor, in personality was more of a monster than the creation itself. The creation didnt choose to live, it was Frankenstein that thought the creature would be happy and would hail him as its father.